Browsing by Author "Kolo, D. N."

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A Comparative Analysis of Grillage method and Beam line analysis of a reinforced concrete waffle bridge deck
(Nigeria Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NJEAS), 2022-01-12) 8. Adamu, H. N.; Abbass, B. A.; Abubakar, M.; Yusuf, A.; Kolo, D. N.; Shehu, M.
The analysis of reinforced concrete waffle bridge deck using chanchaga bridge as a case study was carried out with the aid of computer program written in MATLAB. The bridge deck which is a beam bridge was idealized to be a waffle slab. A mathematical model of the bridge was developed using the method of grillages because very complex shapes of problem domain with prescribed conditions can be handled easily using the method. The bridge deck was modelled as interconnection of grid elements. The analysis was carried out using direct stiffness matrix method. The nodal displacements and the resulting static internal forces; shear forces, bending moments and twisting moments of each grid element were determined using the matrix. The results obtained using the method of grillages were then compared with beam line analysis and the former method gave a 10% decrease in forces which will result in the reduction of overall design and materials by 10%.
A Comparative Analysis of Grillage Method and Beam line Analysis of a Reinforced Concrete Waffle Brifge Deck
(Nigeria Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NJEAS), 2022-01-23) Adamu, H. N.; Abbas, B. A.; Abubakar, M.; Yusuf, A.; Kolo, D. N.; Shehu, M.
The analysis of reinforced concrete waffle bridge deck using Chanchaga bridge as a case study was carried out with the aid of computer program written in MATLAB. The bridge deck which is a beam bridge was idealized to be a waffle slab. A mathematical model of the bridge was developed using the method of grillages because very complex shapes of problem domain with prescribed conditions can be handled easily using the method. The bridge deck was modelled as interconnection of grid elements. The analysis was carried out using direct stiffness matrix method. The nodal displacements and the resulting static internal forces; shear forces, bending moments and twisting moments of each grid element were determined using the matrix. The results obtained using the method of grillages were then compared with beam line analysis and the former method gave a 10% decrease in forces which will result in the reduction of overall design and materials by 10%.
Assessment of Safety Provisions on Building Construction Sites in Abuja, Nigeria: Professionals and Workers Perspectives
(Proceedings of the 2nd International Engineering Conference, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria., 2017-01-02) Kolo, D. N.; Yitmen, I.; Tsado, T. Y.; Abdullahi, M.; Yakubu, D. M.
Despite the growth of the building construction sector in Nigeria, the provision of the basic safety materials and facilities to workers remains a challenge. The construction industry is believed to be a pillar of domestic economy in most nations; it is believed to contribute about 2.08% to the GDP of Nigeria. Yet, the rate of non-fatal, fatal injuries and illnesses exceeds that of many other industries, the construction industry has the most fatality rate when compared to other industry sectors. This paper examines the level of provision of the basic safety materials and facilities to workers by contractors in the Nigerian construction industry, the study employed the work study and field survey research method. Structured questionnaire were administered to the Architects, Engineers, Project managers and Contractors as well as the workers engaged in construction. The research exposed the neglect in the provision of safety materials and facilities on the part of the contractors. Scaffolds and shovels where the materials readily provided by the contractors from the list of safety materials provided as recommended by the regulatory authorities. The Institute of safety professionals of Nigeria, Council of registered builders of Nigeria and other statutory government agencies should be more diligent to effectively monitor the activities of building construction contractors in Abuja, Nigeria.
Barriers to the Adoption of Building Information Modelling in Nigerian Construction Industry
(Proceedings of the 1st International Civil Engineering Conference, Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria, 2018-01-02) Kolo, D. N.; Tsado, T. Y.; Bala, A.; Adinoyi, S. A.; Kolo, D. N.
Building Information Modeling (BIM) involves the development and use of computer generated n-D models to simulate, plan, design, construct, adapt, operate, maintain, renovate, and ultimately beneficially deconstruct a building at the end of its life cycle. BIM represents a new paradigm in construction, it encourages the integration of roles of construction stakeholders enabling them to visualize the project to be built and further identifying potential issues that may occur during the operational phase of buildings. This study assessed the barriers to the adoption of BIM in the Nigerian construction industry and further highlighted ways to improve its adoption. A total of 50 questionnaires were administered to construction professionals in Abuja, Nigeria. Forty (40) retrieved questionnaires were analysed using Statistical Package for social Sciences (SPSS 21) and used for this study, it was revealed that there was generally a low awareness on the use of BIM among construction professionals. The major barrier to using BIM was lack of skilled personnel while the major means of ensuring its adoption was Provision of basic BIM infrastructure. These problems can be effectively tackled by increased support from government and construction industry stakeholders for its use; stressing the benefits derivable, training and retraining of key construction professionals taking into consideration peculiarities to the Nigerian construction industry.
Development of Sensitivity based Model for Flexural Failure of Singly Reinforced Concrete Slabs Based on BS 8110: 1997
(. Nigeria Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NJEAS), 2017-03-22) Tsado, T.Y.,; Sadiku, S.,; Iorkar, A.; Kolo, D. N.
This research presents mathematical models for checking the effect of variation in key designed parameters on the structural collapse of singly reinforced concrete solid slabs in buildings due to flexural failure based on British Standard (BS) 8110, 1997. The increasing complexity of construction process requires very high level of engineering and management skills to combat the structural collapses widely experienced globally. Most of the collapses were adjudged to be due to improper management arising from variations in structural key design parameters during construction, and this call for mathematical models to check the effect of variation in key design parameters on the structural collapse. The key design parameters considered in this research are; characteristic strength of reinforcement, grade of concrete, diameter and spacing of tension reinforcement, effective depth of tension reinforcement, applied moment. Sensitivity analysis was applied to study the effect of variation in the key parameters on the moment capacity. The results of sensitivity analysis were utilized in regression analysis to develop simplified equations for estimating the moment capacity of the slab. Computer programme was developed based on BS 8110, 1997 standard using Java to verify the model. Flexure safety factor was also checked based on BS 8110, 1997 requirements. Forty five numerical examples were taken to validate the model with the developed computer programme at 5% significance level using Chi-squared as an instrument for sensitivity-based model for flexural failure of singly reinforced concrete slab. The results show that the model is adequate at 5% significance level for checking flexural failure of singly reinforced concrete slab at construction stage based on BS 8110, 1997. It was recommended that the construction practitioners should consider the diverse effect of change in key deigned parameters during construction, otherwise the developed model should be strictly considered for quick safety check especially deflection safety of a solid slab during construction.
Development of Statistical Models to predict the compressive strength of concrete produced using Quarry dust as partial replacement of fine aggregate
(LAUTECH Journal of Civil and Environmental Studies, 2022-01-12) Kolo, D. N.; Enwongulu, J. O.
Concrete is an assemblage of Cement, aggregates and water. The most frequently used fine aggregate for concrete production is sand sourced from river banks. The continuous use of this river sand as a result of rapid infrastructural development has resulted in its scarcity and often high cost. This paper examines the suitability of using quarry dust (QD) as partial replacement for fine aggregate in concrete production. Preliminary test (specific gravity) was conducted on the aggregates to determine their suitability for concrete production. Concrete with 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25% QD – Fine aggregate content was cast with a mix ratio of 1:2:4. The freshly prepared Quarry Dust Concrete (QDC) was cast in moulds measuring 150 x 150 x 150mm and cured using ponding method. The Compressive strength result shows that replacement of fine aggregate with QD leads to a general increase in compressive strength of concrete. Statistical package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21 was utilised to develop the linear regression models for the 7 and 28 days compressive strength of the QDC. The developed models were found to be sufficient in predicting the 7 and 28 days compressive strengths with R2 values of 98.9% and 95.2 % respectively.
Durability Characteristics of Lateritic Subgrade Treated with Iron Ore Tailings and Lime Exposed to Moisture Fluctuations
(. Nigeria Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NJEAS), 2018-02-11) Mohammed, A. M.; Amadi, A. A.; Aguwa, J. I.; Kolo, D. N.
This research evaluated the durability of lateritic subgrade treated with Iron Ore Tailings (IOT) and lime exposed to moisture variations. Representative sample of the subgrade was treated with 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20% IOT and optimal lime percent (6.2%) determined through Eades and Grim pH test. Preliminary tests such as particles size distribution, Atterberg limits and compaction were conducted to characterize the mixtures while Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) and CBR-swell tests were carried out to access durability of the soil mixtures. Addition of lime to the soil increased the liquid limit to 45% from 36% obtained in natural soil. Similarly, the plastic limit of the lime-treated sample increased from 16 to 26% with reduced plasticity index. While the natural soil exhibited CBR of 3 and 75% for soaked and unsoaked specimens respectively, the value increased and peaked at 11 and 118% with addition of lime and 15% IOT. Durability of the soil improved with addition of IOT and lime. 15% IOT and lime treated soil recorded the best results with UCS of 240 kN/m2 and 200% Relative Volumetric Stability (RVS), which is a measure of strength loss of a soil. Similarly, swell value of 0% was recorded when the lime-IOT samples were subjected to CBR-Swell test. This shows that the lime-IOT treated samples are less vulnerable to moisture condition normally prevalent in the pavement subgrades.
Effect of Aggregate Washing on Compressive Strength of Concrete produced Using Bida Natural Stone
(Proceedings of the 2nd International Civil Engineering Conference, Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria., 2020-02-01) Kolo, D. N.; Aguwa, J. I.; Tsado, T. Y.; Alhaji, B.; Joseph, O. F.
Concrete is the most widely used construction material in the world, second to water as the most utilised substance on earth. Coarse aggregate is an essential component in concrete production; it has effect on the workability and mechanical properties of concrete. Bida Natural Stone (BNS) which is the by-product of Precambrian deposits of Bida trough was used as coarse aggregate, utilising unwashed and washed aggregates. A total of 80 concrete cubes of 150 × 150 × 150 mm were cast and used for this study, compressive strength tests were conducted after 28 days curing. The result of physical properties test conducted proved that BNS is suitable for concrete production. The result of compressive strength tests conducted shows that concrete produced using washed aggregate results in an increase in average compressive strength of about 11.46 % when compared to that produced using unwashed aggregate. Hence, construction professionals and workers utilising this aggregate (BNS) in the Bida basin are encouraged to practice aggregate washing before concrete works.
Effect of Partial Replacement of Cement with Cow Dung Ash Using Bida Natural Coarse Aggregate
(2023-02-04) Abbas, B. A.; Yusuf, A.; Kolo, D. N.; Aboje, A. A.; Mahmud, M. B.; Ndaiji, A. U.
The research investigates the effect of partial replacement of cement with cow dung ash (CDA) in concrete production using Bida natural coarse aggregate. Water to cement ratio and mix ratio of 0.6 and 1:2:4 was adopted respectively. The aggregates used were characterized and the cow dung was calcined at a temperature between 400-500oC. Concrete was produced using CDA as cement replacement at 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35% and 40%. Slump of the freshly produced concrete was determined and the compressive strength of the hardened concrete was determined at 7, 21 and 28 days of curing. The sum of SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3 in CDA exceeds the 70% minimum specified by ASTMC 618-12. The slump of the fresh concrete ranges from 0 – 40 mm while the compressive strength at 28 days curing duration ranges from 12.59N/mm2 19.29N/mm2 and density was 2323.95kg/m3 – 2554.59kg/m3 respectively. The test results revealed that the compressive strength decrease with increase in CDA content and increase with curing age. The strength results indicate that there was no much significant difference between the control specimen with 0% CDA and that containing 5% CDA. This implies that concrete made using CDA as partial replacement for cement can be used for structural applications such as in the construction of reinforced concrete slabs, beams, columns and foundations. The study concluded that CDA has pozzolanic properties and can be used to replace up to 10% cement in concrete produced using Bida natural coarse aggregate.
EFFECT OF PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF FINE AGGREGATE WITH SAWDUST IN LIGHT WEIGHT CONCRETE PRODUCTION USING BIDA NATURAL STONE AS COARSE AGGREGATE
(3rd International Engineering Conference, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria, 2019) Alhaji, Bala; Abubakar, Mahmud; Yusuf, A.; Oritola, S. F.; Mohammed, S.; Kolo, D. N.
This study investigated the effect of sawdust as partial replacement for Fine Aggregate in light weight concrete production. Sawdust was used to replace Fine Aggregate from 0% to 40% in steps of 5%. 150 x 150 x 150mm concrete cubes were cast for each replacement level, the concrete was cured and the compressive strengths were determined at 7, 21 and 28days curing period respectively. Increase in percentage of sawdust in concrete led to a constant reduction in the compressive strength values with a corresponding reduction in weight. From the result obtained, 5% replacement of Fine Aggregate with sawdust gave a maximum compressive strength 13.11 N/mm2. It was however concluded that the optimum replacement level of 5% can be used as plain concrete for blinding works.
Effect of Steel Fibre Reinforcement on the compressive strength of Natural Aggregate Concrete
(Proceedings of the Nigerian Society of Engineers 2023 National Engineering Conference, Exhibition and Annual General Meeting, 2023-01-03) Malachi, G.; Kolo, D. N.; Abbass, B. A.
Effectiveness of Locust Bean Epicarp Extract on Re-vibrated Concrete Using Pebbles from Bida Environs as Coarse Aggregate
(Proceedings of the Sustainable Education and Development Research Conference, University of Environment and Sustainable Development, Somanya, Ghana, 2023-01-02) Abbas, B. A.; Mohammed, T. A.; Yusuf, A.; Kolo, D. N.; Abubakar, M.; Abdullahi, A.
Empirical Relationship between Compressive, Flexural and Splitting Tensile Strengths of Concrete Containing Kuta Gravel as Coarse Aggregate
(Journal of Engineering Research and Reports, 2025-02-02) Abubakar, J.; Abdullahi, M.; Aguwa, J. I.; Abbas, B. A.; Kolo, D. N.
Flexural and tensile strengths of concrete are of great importance in structural engineering. Understanding the flexural strength of concrete helps designers prevent and control development of cracks in concrete elements, ensuring durability. In addition to serviceability, shear, bond failure and flexural capacity in concrete members are directly linked to the tensile strength of the concrete. When compared to flexural and tensile strengths, determination of the compressive strength of concrete is easier to carry out in the field. It is therefore, customary to determine the compressive strength and correlate it to other strength properties. In this study, empirical relationships have been developed to relate the compressive strength to the flexural and splitting tensile strengths of concrete using Kuta river gravel as coarse aggregate. Using varying total aggregate to cement, coarse aggregate to total aggregate and water to cement ratios, 20 mixes were generated using Central Composite Design (CCD) in Minitab 21. The compressive, flexural and splitting tensile strengths of concrete samples from these mixes were determined at 28 days of age. From the strength data obtained, regression equations were developed that relate the strength properties with the aid of regression analysis tool in Microsoft Excel. The empirical models developed to predict the flexural and splitting tensile strengths of concrete from the compressive strength recorded R2 values of 1 for both models, P-values of 5.23 × 10−29 and 4.47 × 10−30, and standard errors of 0.21 and 0.06 respectively. Furthermore, residuals from the values of predicted strength properties show that there is very slight deviation between the experimental and predicted values. It was concluded that the empirical equations developed are significant, have high predictive capabilities and can be used in predicting the flexural and splitting tensile strengths of concrete.
Environmental Effects of Road Construction Waste
(. USEP: Journal of Research Information in Civil Engineering, 2023-02-12) Kolo, S. S.; Abdulrahman, H. S.; Kolo, D. N.; Shehu, M.; Adamu, H. N.,; Eze, F. E.
This research work investigates the various waste streams generated during road construction and their effect on environment. The method employed in this research work is categorized into waste type generated on construction site using reconnaissance surveys, data collection and data analysis methods. Four construction project sites in Minna, Nigeria, were used with the aim that these sites will provide a platform to acquire valuable data. It was discovered that mortar or concrete waste and wood waste has the highest percentage of 22% to 39% and asphalt has about 4 % waste and this was largest percentage of waste generated and this was mainly due to the human error, the use of inadequately trained and unskilled labour. The study however made case for adequate attention and concentration towards improving effective waste management by implementing proper waste management and disposal systems and encouraging the use of recycled materials in road construction. This will greatly reduce the cost of construction, increase efficiency, reduce work time and replenish the earths rapidly depleting natural resources used in construction like wood and bitumen.
Experimental Study on Steel fibre reinforced Natural aggregate concrete
(Ethiopian International Journal of Engineering and Technology (EIJET), 2024-01-02) Kolo, D. N.; Graham, M.; Milad, A.
The rising volume of pollution is a significant threat to achieving the United Nations’ goal for a sustainable society. Various approaches have been used to tackle pollution, including recycling wastes into completely new products or utilizing them to improve other materials. In this respect, this article presents the results of an experimental study conducted on waste steel fiber sourced from waste tyres in concrete production. The fibers measuring 2, 4, and 6 cm were utilized using dosages of 0.5, 1, and 1.5% by mass of cement. The natural aggregate which is a bya -a product of the Precambrian deposits of the Bida trough was utilized as coarse aggregate. Iron moulds measuring 150 x 150 x 150mm were used for concrete production and were demoulded after 24 hours and cured. The optimum 28-day compressive strength of 27.19 N/mm2 was recorded with a 4 cm fiber length and 0.5% fiber content. This represented a 36.36% gain in the 28-day compressive strength of the concrete when compared to the control.
Investigation into the Mechanical properties of concrete using Pebbles from Bida Environ as coarse aggregate in concrete production
(Polish Journal of Science, 2024-01-02) Abbas, B. A.; Abdullahi, M.; Sadiku S.; Aguwa J.I.; Abubakar J.; Kolo, D. N.
Strength performance remains the most important property of structural concrete, from engineering point of view. This paper investigates the mechanical properties of concrete made from Bida natural stones, extensive experimental work was conducted using 1,600 specimens for compressive strength, flexural strength, splitting tensile strength and elastic modulus (four hundred specimens for each property). Central composite design was used for the factor setting with the following range of values; W/C= 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, CA/TA= 0.55, 0.615, 0.68, TA/C= 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0. The specimens were produced and cured for 7, 14, 21 and 28days. The highest strength was achieved using low W/C, low TA/C and high level of CA/TA corresponding to 0.4, 3.0 and 0.68 respectively
Models to Predict the Fresh and Hardened Properties of Palm Kernel Shell Concrete
(Malaysian Journal of Civil Engineering, 2022-01-12) Kolo, D. N.; Tsado, T. Y.; Abbas, B. A.; Adamu, H. N.
Concrete is an assemblage of Cement, aggregates and water, the most frequently used fine aggregate for concrete production is sand sourced from river banks. The continuous exploitation of available granite conventionally used as coarse aggregate in concrete production coupled with rapid infrastructural development has resulted in its scarcity and often high cost. The suitability of utilising Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) as partial replacement for coarse aggregate in concrete production was examined in this paper. Preliminary tests were conducted on all aggregates to determine their suitability for concrete production. Concrete with 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25% PKS-coarse aggregate content was cast with a mix ratio of 1:2:4. The freshly prepared Palm Kernel Shell Concrete (PKSC) was cast in moulds measuring 150 x 150 x 150mm and cured using ponding method. The Compressive strength result shows that an increase in the PKS content results in a decrease in compressive strength of concrete. Linear regression models for the slump and compressive strength of the PKSC were developed and found to be sufficient in predicting the compressive strengths with R2 values of 96% and 92 % respectively.
PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF FINE AGGREGATE WITH WASTE GLASS IN CONCRETE MADE FROM BIDA NATURAL AGGREGATE
(3rd International Engineering Conference (IEC 2019) Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria, 2019) Alhaji, B.; Kolo, D. N.; Abubakar, Mahmud; Yusuf, A.; Abdullahi, A.; Mohammed, S.
This study reports the experimental investigation on the suitability of waste glass as partial replacement for fine aggregate in concrete made using Bida natural aggregates (BNA). Glass is widely used in our daily lives through manufactured products such as sheet glass, bottles, glassware, and vacuum tubing. It is an ideal material for recycling. The increasing awareness of glass recycling speeds up inspections on the use of waste glass with different forms in various fields. Mix ratio of 1:2:4 batched by weight with water – cement ratio of 0.55 was used. The percentage replacement varied from 0% to 40% at 5% intervals. Slump test was conducted to assess the workability of the fresh concrete. The compressive strengths and densities of cured concrete cubes of sizes 150mm x 150mm x 150mm were evaluated at 7, 21 and 28days. A total of 81 concrete cubes were cast and tested. It was observed that an increase in the percentage replacement of fine aggregate with waste glass reduces workability, density and compressive strength. The compressive strength and density vary with days of curing. The findings of this study indicated that the optimum replacement percentage of waste glass with conventional fine aggregate was 20%. However waste glass can effectively be used as fine aggregate replacement (up to 40%) without substantial change in concrete strength.
Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate with waste Glass in Concrete made from Bida Natural Aggregate
(. Proceedings of the 3rd International Engineering Conference, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria, 2019-02-05) Alhaji, B.; Kolo, D. N.; Abubakar M.; Yusuf A.; Abdullahi, A.; Shehu, M.
This study reports the experimental investigation on the suitability of waste glass as partial replacement for fine aggregate in concrete made using Bida natural aggregates (BNA). Glass is widely used in our daily lives through manufactured products such as sheet glass, bottles, glassware, and vacuum tubing. It is an ideal material for recycling. The increasing awareness of glass recycling speeds up inspections on the use of waste glass with different forms in various fields. Mix ratio of 1:2:4 batched by weight with water cement ratio of 0.55 was used. The percentage replacement varied from 0% to 40% at 5% intervals. Slump test was conducted to assess the workability of the fresh concrete. The compressive strengths and densities of cured concrete cubes of sizes 150mm x 150mm x 150mm were evaluated at 7, 21 and 28days. A total of 81 concrete cubes were cast and tested. It was observed that an increase in the percentage replacement of fine aggregate with waste glass reduces workability, density and compressive strength. The compressive strength and density vary with days of curing. The findings of this study indicated that the optimum replacement percentage of waste glass with conventional fine aggregate was 20%. However waste glass can effectively be used as fine aggregate replacement (up to 40%) without substantial change in concrete strength.
PROBABILITY-BASED CALIBRATION OF LOAD DURATION MODIFICATION FACTORS FOR THE NIGERIAN GROWN TIMBER
(NIGERIA JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENCES (NJEAS), 2023) Aguwa. J. I.; Sadiku, S.; Afolayan, J. O.; Abdullahi, A.; Abubakar, Mahmud; Kolo, D. N.
All along, load duration modification factors used in Nigeria for design of timber structures were based on BS 5268 of 2002 and this is not a good engineering practice since the strength of timber depends so much on the soil as well as on the environment. There is the need to localize the modification factors based on our environment since Nigerian grown timber is generally used for all timber structures designed and built in Nigeria. Probability-based calibration of load duration modification factors for the Nigerian grown timber was successfully carried out. The results showed significant difference between the calibrated factors and those from BS 5268 of 2002. The calibrated modification factors are; 1.25 for long-term, 1.35 for medium-term, 1.70 for short term, and 2.0 for very short-term duration. This paper recommends the use of these calibrated load duration factors based on Nigerian grown environment.