Browsing by Author "Falusi O.A."

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Biochemical evaluation of mutant genotypes of Sesamum indicum for the development of improved varieties
(Botanica Lithuanica, 2022-12-21) Audu M.A.I; Idris Y.; Muhammad L.M.; Falusi O.A.; Salihu I.A.; Okoye C.I.
The nutritional attributes of sesame, Sesamum indicum, vary substantially and are primarily influenced by the plant’s genetic makeup. This investigation accessed the biochemical composition of sesame mutants from two generations. Seeds of eleven M3 lines were planted in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) to raise M4 lines, which were advanced to M5 generation. The seeds were harvested at maturity, and their biochemical compositions were quantitatively determined following standard procedures. Results revealed significant diffe rences (p < 0.05) in the biochemical composition of the mutants across the two generations. Exactly 27.27% of the mutants showed a substantial increase in oil composition over their parental varieties at the M4 generation. In comparison, 36.36% of the mutants had higher oil contents than their parental varieties at the M5 generation. The M5 mutants showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher oil content than the M4 mutants. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed in the protein content of M4 and M5 mutants, with M4 mutants having higher protein content. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed in fibre, carbohydrate, energy, and moisture contents of M4 and M5 mutants, with M5 mutants having significantly higher (p < 0.05) carbohydrate and energy con tents, while no significant difference (p > 0.05) was observed in ash content of M4 and M5 mutants. Results also reveal significant differences (p < 0.05) in anti-nutrients of M4 and M5 mutants with notable reductions in some anti-nutritional properties of some mutant lines. High and stable nutritional attributes are desirable traits in sesame breeding. The identified mutants with desirable traits are potential candidates that could be selected and developed as the first mutant varieties of sesame in Nigeria
Effect of fast neutron irradiation on agronomic traits of three tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivars
(NABDA Journal of Biotechnology Research, 2023-08-07) Okoye C.I.; Falusi O.A.; Aminu A.; Mohammed A.; Audu M.A.I
Fast neutron irradiation (FNI) has been successfully utilized in the development of plant varieties with superior agronomic traits. This study thus, investigated the effect of different irradiation doses on some agronomic parameters of three selected tomato accessions (NG/MR/5/9/006, NG/AA/9/9/037 and NHGB/09/114). Exactly two hundred seeds of each accession were exposed to FNI obtained from an Americium-Beryllium source with a flux of 1.5×104 cm-2s-1 for 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes, equivalent to 4 rad, 8 rad, 16 rad and 24 rad, respectively. The non-irradiated seeds served as control. The seeds were planted in experimental pots arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in three replicates. Results revealed significant differences (p < 0.05) in germination percentage with control having the significantly (p < 0.05) highest (90 %) in NG/MR/5/9/006 while NG/AA/9/9/037 and NHGB/09/114 revealed significantly (p < 0.05) higher germination percentage of 90 % and 83 %, respectively at 4 rad. No significant difference (p > 0.05) was observed in number of fruits per plant of NG/MR/5/9/006. A significant increase (p < .05) was observed in number of fruits per plant of NG/AA/9/9/037 and NHGB/09/114 at 4 rad (2.60 ± 0.60 and 4.00 ± 1.05, respectively) and 24 rad (2.60 ± 0.51 and 4.40 ± 1.12, respectively). The significantly highest weight of fruits and number of branches at fruiting were recorded at 90 minutes of exposure (16 rad) in all the accessions. NG/AA/9/9/037 had significantly higher number of seeds per fruit (107.33 ± 6.67) while no significant difference was observed in number of seeds per fruit. This study revealed significant enhancement in some growth and yield parameters of seeds exposed to fast neutron irradiation and demonstrates that fast neutron irradiation is an excellent tool for enhancing the efficiency of breeding Solanum lycopersicum and evolving higher yield variants through proper selection.
Effects of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Datura Stramonium on Vegetative Traits of Selected Maize (Zea Mays L.) Varieties in Nigeria
(East African Scholars Publisher, Kenya, 2020-05-30) Daudu O.A.Y.; Falusi O.A.; Abubakar A.; Abdulsalam H.; Bello T.S.; Audu M.A.I.
: Datura stramonium contains allelochemicals which have allelopathic properties that have the potential to inhibit or stimulate vegetative plant growth. Aqueous leaf extract of D. stramonium at 25%, 50% and 100% concentrations were applied to determine their effects on plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf length, root length and internode length of two maize varieties (Sammaz-39 and Oba super-06) under field conditions. Distilled water (0%) served as control.The treated maize seeds were planted in the experimental field and the plots were laid as randomizedcomplete block design (RCBD) replicated three times.Results on the effects of D. stramonium leaf extract were determined for each treatment concentration. Results showed that D. stramonium leaf extract significantly increased plant height of Sammaz-39 at a concentration of 50% at 10WAP and also of Oba super-06 variety at a concentration of 50% at 8 and 10WAP. Number of leaves per plant was significantly decreased at 10WAP in Sammaz-39 at 100% concentration while Oba super-06 variety showed a significant decrease in number of leaves per plant at 50% concentration at 8WAP. The highest leaf length was observed at 25% concentration of D. stramonium leaf extract in Sammaz-39 at 8WAP and at 25% concentration for Oba super-06 at 2, 4, 6 and 8WAP. But at 10WAP, highest leaf length was observed in the control (0%). Root length was significantly increased in treated seeds of the two varieties; highest root length was observed at 50% concentration in both Sammaz-39 and Oba super-06. Internode length on the contrary, was significantly decreased at high concentration of 100% in Sammaz-39 while no significant difference was observed in the internode length of Oba super-06 variety. This study reveals that high concentration (100%) of D. stramonium leaf extract has inhibitory effects on number of leaves per plant, leaf length and internode length while lower concentrations (25% and 50%) has stimulatory effects on vegetative characters like root length, plant height and leaf length of the two maize varieties examined.
Effects of Ethyl Methane Sulphonate on Vegetative Traits of Selected Genotypes of Groundnut (Arachis hypogeae L.)
(SPCBIC, Federal University of Technology Minna, 2021-10-25) Absullahi A.; Daudu O.A.Y.; Falusi O.A.; Abubakar A.; Audu M.A.I
Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a multi-purpose legume crop widely cultivated in Sub Saharan Africa (SSA). However, several species of groundnut suffer substantial yield losses as a result of narrow genetic base and insect-pest attack. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of EMS on morphological traits of four (4) groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes viz Samnut 24, Samnut 25, Samnut 26 and ICG4412. Field experiment was laid out in Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with three (3) replicates. The seeds of the four (4) groundnut accessions were treated with various concentration of EMS (0.0 %, 0.1 %, 0.2 %, 0.3 % and 0.4 %) for 6 hours, they were then removed and rinsed with distilled water to remove the trace of mutagen sticking to the seed coat. Data on vegetative parameters were collected following standard procedures. Results obtained showed that 0.1 % EMS concentration had the highest plant height (46.79 cm) at week 12 but was not significantly different from 0.3 % and 0.4 % concentrations (43.37 and 43.28 cm) respectively. The significantly least plant height at week 12 after planting was recorded at 0.2 % concentration (35.28 cm). No significant difference was observed among the varieties in terms of plant height. EMS concentration 0.1 % showed the significant highest number of leaves per plant at week 12 (297) while the least was recorded at 0.4 % concentration (177). Among the varieties, ICG 4412 had the significant highest number of leaves (289.20) at week 12 after planting and the least value was obtained in variety SAMNUT 26 (158.93). EMS concentration 0.1 % had the significant highest number of branches at maturity (13.25) while the least was recorded at 0.4 % EMS concentration (8.92). In terms of varietal performance, Samnut 26 had the significantly highest number of branches per plants (12.47), but was not significantly different from ICG 4412 (12.07). SAMNUT 25 was observed the have the significantly least number of branches per plant (9.13). The results obtained showed significant amount of variability in morphological parameters of the genotypes as a result of exposure to EMS which may essentially affect their productivity. This study revealed that EMS concentration 0.1 % Is the optimum concentration for inducing genetic variability in groundnut plant.
EVALUATION OF MORPHOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OFSIX UPLAND NIGERIA COTTON(GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUML.)GENOTYPES
(Journal of Science, Technology, Mathematics and Education (JOSTMED), 2021-06-13) Dangana M.C.; Falusi O.A.; Adebola M.O.; Daudu O.A.Y.; Abubakar A.; Audu M.A.I
This study was carried out to access the variation in morphological and yield parameters among six Nigeria cotton genotypes. A total of six genotypes of cotton; Samcot 8, Samcot 9, Samcot 10 Samcot 11, Samcot 12, and Samcot 13 were evaluated for plant height, number of branches, number of bolls per plant and boll size. Seeds of the six genotypes were raised to maturity in a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with five replicates and data were collected following standard procedures. Data collected were subjected to one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and results were considered significant at a significance level of 5 %. Results obtained showed significant variations in plant height with Samcot 13 having the highest plant height (106.10 ± 3.83cm) followed by Samcot 9 (103.00± 2.39 cm). The highest monopodialbranch was observed inSamcot 8 (21.40 ± 0.87) while the highest sympodialbranch was observed in Samcot 11 16.40 ± 0.86). Significant variations were observed in the number of bolls per plant and boll size with Samcot 9 having the highest number of bolls (31.30 ± 3.23) while the least was recorded in Samcot 12 (19.30 ± 3.03). Samcot 8 had the highest boll size (11.25 ± 0.25 cm) while Samcot 11 had the least boll size (9.60 ± 0.28 cm). Yield and yield attributes varied significantly, with different traits been favored by different genotypes. Samcot 9 had the highest weight of bolls (32.17 ± 5.49 g) while the least was observed in Samcot 8 (11.90 ± 1.27 g). Samcot 11 recorded the highest number of seeds per boll (30.68 ± 1.50 g) while the least was recorded in Samcot 9 (26.82 ± 2.49). Samcot 8 has the highest weight of lint per plant (13.66 ± 1.10 g) while the least was recorded in Samcot 13 (6.34 ± 0.89 g). The distinct features of some genotypes in plant height, number of sympodial branches, boll size and weight of lint compared to other genotypes is a good indication of existence of high genetic variability and genotypes with desired characteristicscould be selectedand incorporated into cotton improvement programmes.
Pollen Viability and Germinability of Gamma Irradiated M4 Lines of Sesame
(NCRI Press, 2021-06-15) Audu M.A.I; Falusi O.A.; Muhammad M.L.; Daudu O.A.Y.; Abubakar A.
Pollen viability and germinability are indispensable criteria in plant breeding programmes. This research evaluated eleven M4 mutant lines of gamma irradiated sesame (Sesamum indicum) for some pollen parameters. Seeds were obtained from the Department of Plant Biology, Federal University of Technology, Minna and were raised to maturity alongside their respective checks in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). The field experiment was conducted at the experimental field of the Upper Niger River Basin Development Authority, Minna. Pollen viability and diameter were determined using standard procedure. The germinability test was done using three different sucrose concentrations (10 %, 20 % and 30 %) with 1 % nutrient agar solution. The results revealed that all the M4 mutant lines had adequate pollen viabilities (over 80%) with ML-10 having the highest (97.56 %) viability followed by ML-7 (95.61 %), ML-8 (95.01 %) and Check-2 (95.60 %). The highest pollen germinability was recorded at 20 % sucrose concentration for all the mutant lines with line ML-7 (39.70 %) having the highest percentage. Check-1 at 10 % sucrose concentration recorded the least percentage (11.46 %) across the concentration and treatments. Highest pollen diameter (169.52μm) was recorded in Check-1. Suboblate shapes with 10-13 colpi was observed in all the mutant lines and the checks. Pollens from all the lines comprised of circular and elliptic pollens except in ML-7 and the checks where the pollens were solely circular in polar view. The study revealed that gamma-irradiation could be a reasonable tool for inducing variability in sesame and advantageous in increasing the pollen viability.
Yield Attributes and Biochemical Compositions of Elites and Landraces of Pigeon Pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp]
(NCRI Press, 2023-12-30) Daudu O.A.Y.; Falusi O.A.; Abubakar A.; Gado A.A.; Dangana M.C.; Audu M.A.I; Adebimpe Y.A.
Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp (Pigeon pea) is an important leguminous crop grown mostly in the tropical regions of the world, Nigeria inclusive. The crop is still underutilised in Nigeria; the potentials of the crop in terms of yield traits and biochemical compositions, with ability of enhancing food security and preventing over-dependent on very expensive animal protein, is yet to be fully exploited. It was based on this premise that this study was designed. Twenty-five (25) accessions were obtained from International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, lbadan; National Centre for Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Ibadan and Local farmers in Oyo state, Nigeria. The accessions were sown in the experimental farm in a Randomised Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates. Standard procedures were followed for determination of yield parameters as well as biochemical compositions. It showed that NG/SA/11/08/108 produced the highest number of pods per plot (437.00) and the highest grain yield (2.6t/ha). Similarly, TCC-8126 produced the highest crude protein (22.53 %) while PG/OY/18/002 had the highest carbohydrate contents (52.22 %). TCC-8126 was the best elite genotype in terms of amino acid profile, containing glutamic acid (18.10 %), aspartic acid (11.4 %); arginine (7.41 %), alanine (5.90 %). The values produced for both nutritional compositions and amino acid profiles were within the recommended standard limits set by Food and Agriculture Organisation and United States Department of Agriculture. NG/SA/11/08/108, NG/AO/MAY/09/021/02, TCC-151, TCC-8126, TT-8129 and TCC-2 have been selected as promising genotypes that could serve as breeding lines for future breeding programme of Cajanus cajan in Nigeria.