Browsing by Author "Eterigho, E. J."

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Biogas Production from Rumen, Municipal and Co-Digested Substrates: An Opportunity for Small and Medium Scale Entrepreneurs (SME)
(APWEN International conference (a division of NSE) Kano, 2017-09) Habibu, Uthman; Musa, Michael Adeiza; Eterigho, E. J.
Comparative study of anaerobic digestion of Rumen, municipal w a s t e and co-digested feedstock was investigated. 10kg each of rumen, municipal waste and co-digested feedstock each was used in a 30 litres anaerobic digester. The digester was loaded batch wise for 3 0 retention day runs up to 80% volume of the digester nominal volume. The cumulative biogas production was recorded as 181900, 217350 and 180250 ml/g VS-1 respectively. Methane composition of the various biogas was 56.42, 55.81 and 58.820 % untreated biogas samples. The treated s c r u b b e d water produced a burning gas with m e t h a n e composition 84.08,51.54 and 95.518 % respectively for the feedstock. Co-digested s u b s t r a t e d o e s n o t actually have any significant effect on production and composition of the gas produce. Since waste raise a major environmental concern, these simple steps could be exploited by small and m e d i u m scale entrepreneurs (SME), an alternative to convert waste into fuel that c a n be tremendously useful as renewable fuel source especially for domestic and industrial use.
Determination of the Kinetic Parameters in Adhesive Production
(2008) Olutoye, M. A.; Eterigho, E. J.; Agbajelola, D. O.
This work is aimed at developing a mathematical model to determine the concentration of Hydrogen Sulphide pollutant in air from the gas flare of a refinery. To achieve this, experimental data on concentration of Hydrogen Sulphide from Kaduna refinery and petrochemical company Nigeria were collected and the dispersion model was developed based on Gaussian distribution principle. The simulation of the model was carried out using visual basic programming. It was observed from the simulated result that the gas dispersion model developed for Hydrogen Sulphide showed a remarkable agreement with the dispersion pattern, and agrees with the experimental results with a correlation co efficient of 0.98. Thus, the model can be used to determine the safe distance for human habitation from an industrial area and the refinery in particular.
Investigation into the Properties of Clay doped with Silver Ion for Use as a Catalyst
(Journal of Science and Technology Research (JSTR), 2007) Olutoye, M. A.; Eterigho, E. J.; Agbajelola, O. D.
The work on the investigation into the properties of clay doped with silver ion for use as a catalyst has been carried out. The clay sample from llorin from llorin, Kwara State, Nigeria was ground, sieved and calcined in a furnace at a temperature of 550- 600'C for a period of 6hrs. The sample was doped with silver ion using 0.2M of NaOH/NaCl Solution with 0.2M AgNO, in a ratio 2:1. The sample was than analyzed using X-ray fluorescence equipment (XRF) [Cement X-ray spectrometer, PW 1660, Philips X-ray Analyser) with a monitor. The following results were obtained 33.44% SiO2, 23.11% 1120g, 9.87% Fe203, 3.86% CaO, 1.98% MgO, 0.01% SO3, 0.87% K,0, 0.71% Na2O, 8.61% L.O.I, 3.03% L.S.F, 1.01S/R and 2.34% A/R for the calcined sample. While that of the doped samples are 33.15% SO2, 22.10 Al203, 9.23%Fe203, 4,44% CaO, 1.99% MgO, 0.04% SO3, 0.96% K2O, 8.10 L. O.1, 3.55 L.S.F, 1.06 S/R and 2.39 A/R. These results when compare with samples having catalytic properties was found to be suitable for use as a catalyst.
Optimization of Operating Parameters in the Extraction of Caustic Potash (KOH) from Palm Kernel Bunch (An Agricultural By-Product) Ash
(Journal of Applied Science and Education (JASAE), 2001) Eterigho, E. J.
Physical Characteristics of Ukpor and Ahoko Clay deposit for use as industrial raw materials
(Advanced Materials Research: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Switzerland, 2007-06-15) Eterigho, E. J.; Olutoye, M. A.
The physical properties of some Nigerian clays were studied in order to determine their suitability for a variety of industrial applications. From the analysis, the specific gravity of Ukpor and Ahoko clays were 1.89 and 2.26 respectively and the Plasticity Index 26.05% and 22.45%, drying shrinkage was 18.90% and 8.2% and particle size distribution showed that the samples are clays. The results show that the physical properties of the clays are within the specifications for kaolin clays and are suitable for industrial uses
Problems and Challenges of Synthesis of Zeolite and Zeolite-Like Micro-Porous Materials in Nigeria
(The 1st Nigeria Conference on Zeolite at Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria., 2006) Edoga, M. O.; Eterigho, E. J.; Kovo, A. S.; Ali, M. S.
In the last few years considerable effort has been made targeted at the synthesis of zeolite and zeolite-like microporous materials with predetermined physicochemical and catalytic properties. However, the position of Nigeria in this global feat cannot be easily defined hence the need for this paper. The problems of zeolite synthesis in Nigeria were highlighted. This is due basically to the non-availability of equipment to conduct detailed analysis of the raw materials and product as well as lack of technical know-how in the area of zeolite synthesis. Also, the absence of common platform for zeolite scientists and technologist for cross fertilization of ideas is another set-back. In this paper, solution was also proffered which if well implemented will launch Nigeria into the amazing world of zeolite and its applications.
Production and Characterization of Biodegradable Plastic from Nigeria Cassava Starch
(International Conference on Engineering, Science and Applications (ICESA, 2017), Toshi Center, Tokyo, Japan, 2017-08) Eterigho, E. J.; Farrow, T. S.; Ejejigbe, Silver E; Onaivia, Ene C.
The use of synthetic polymer in the industries and household packaging for various purposes has increased, however, it possesses environmental challenge due to its nondegradability. This research therefore focused on the production of a biodegradable plastic by blending various composition of poly vinyl alcohol (PVA), additives and cassava starch. The product produced (plastic) were extruded, analysed and tested for biodegradability under natural conditions. The results obtained were compared with the conventional polymer. The density of the produced plastic was 0.83 Kg/m3, melting temperature was 200oC and its water adsorption rate was 1.3% per day. The tensile strength was 23.63N/mm2 compared to 10.86N/mm2 and 8.29N/mm2 for polyethene and paper respectively. The results showed excellent retention of physical, thermal, structural and mechanical property required in plastics. Thus, indicating the possibility of universal application of Nigeria cassava starch as a source of biodegradable agent in plastic films production
Reactive-extraction of pongamia seeds for biodiesel production
(Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research (J SCI IND RES), 2012-11-17) Porwala, Jyoti; Garga, M. O.; Savita Kaul; Harvey, A. P.; Lee, J. G. M.; Kasim, F. H.; Eterigho, E. J.; Bangwala, Dinesh
Biodiesel (FAME) was produced from Pongamia seeds (commonly known as Karanja) by reactive-extraction. Reactiveextraction involves contacting ground seeds directly with alcohol and catalyst i.e. without intervening extraction of the vegetable oil. This process has the potential to reduce cost by removing the need for capital and running cost-intensive steps such as oil extraction of seeds. Reaction parameters such as seed size (>2 mm to <1 mm), seed/solvent ratio (wt/wt) (1:2-1:4), temperature (30-60oC) and rate of mixing (250-550 rpm) were studied. The maximum 98.5% conversion to biodiesel was achieved at: seed size (<1 mm), seed/solvent ratio (wt/wt) (1:4), rate of mixing (550 rpm) at 60 oC for 1 hr with 0.1 M catalyst (KOH) concentration, meeting International (ASTM) as well as National (BIS) specifications
Synthesis, Characterization and Evaluation of two Forms of Sulphated Zirconia for Biofuel Production by Triglyceride Cracking
(Bioenergy III Conference: Present and New Perspectives on Biorefineries Lanzarote, Canary Islands, Spain, 2011-05-22) Eterigho, E. J.; Lee, J. G. M.; Harvey, A. P.
Catalyst technology has a substantial impact on the sustainability of industrial processes, products, environment, the economics and quality of life of any country. Currently the world is becoming increasingly, environmentally aware and renewable transport fuels such as biodiesel are becoming increasingly prevalent. Currently, the major technical challenges in conventional biodiesel production (by transesterification with methanol) are: unwanted side reactions, difficult downstream separations, and ensuring sustainability l"?. Catalysis can make a significant contribution to improving this process, as the load on downstream processes would be greatly reduced, and the flow sheet greatly simplified, thereby reducing capital cost. However, another catalytic-based solution is heterogeneously catalysed vegetable oil cracking 2) This would remove the dependence on methanol, which is seldom produced. sustainably and is a significant process cost. Current challenges to catalysis of this reaction include maximizing efficiency and ensuring that the catalyst is chemically and thermally stable, and can be regenerated Catalytic properties are strongly affected by preparation method 3). Hence it is necessary for researchers to investigate different methods of preparation in order to optimise catalyst performance. Sulphated zirconia is a super-acid catalyst, used for many organic reactions. However, it has been found to be susceptible to leaching, rapid deactivation during catalytic reactions and a relatively small surface area when prepared through the conventional method.