Browsing by Author "Bori Ige"

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A STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF DEGRADATION ON INDUSTRIAL GAS TURBINE PERFORMANCE
(Journal of Science, Technology, Mathematics and Education (JOSTMED), FUT Minna, 2016-03-15) Nasir, .A.; Usman, .S. A.; Mohammed, .A.; Muhammed, .S. N.; Bori Ige
Component degradation is a very common problem associated with operating industrial gas turbines. The major components so affected by this phenomenon are compressor, combustor and turbine blades. This paper studied the effect of degradation on gas turbine performance. The study involved the analyses of operating parameters effects for Siemens gas turbine engines model SGT5 – 2000E coded GT11 and GT21 in the power stations at Geregu power stations. The parameters considered were ambient temperature, exhaust temperature, combustion chamber pressure and turbine entry temperature, GT11 is degraded while GT21 is newly installed engine both in the same location at Geregu I and II power stations in Ajaokuta, Kogi State in the North central part of Nigeria.Simulations were carried out using Gas turb 11 simulation software, results of engine performance parameters were compared and it was revealed that due to component degradation, the turbine entry temperature (TET) increased to 1049.67oC, the fuel flow increased by 8.49% and power fell by 7.14%. Consequently, the cost of power loss is one hundred and eighty-seven million, one hundred and eleven thousand, seven hundred and fifty-three naira ninety-two kobo (₦187,111,753.92k) over a period of one year for the degraded gas turbine.
An Investigation of Partial Shading Effects on Solar Photovoltaic Module Performance Using Infrared Thermography
(4th International Engineering Conference (IEC 2022) Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria, 2023-03-21) Jaji, .U. F.; Bori Ige
Partial shading is detrimental to the performance of a solar PV module. This is because it not only reduces the current and voltage of the module which leads to power loss in the module but may also lead to the formation of hotspots. This work presents an investigation carried out on the cross-comparison of two different PV modules subjected to the same ambient conditions in a tropical hot climatic region, to observe the effects of partial shading on them and if hotspots are formed, determine if they are heightened by the climatic condition of the environment. Different shading patterns and shading due to partial obstruction of direct radiation were considered. Shading was achieved using opaque shading sheets. The results of the experiment showed that the efficiency or performance of these modules is dependent on the type and direction of shading. This implies that as the percentage of shading increases, there is a decrease in power output and ultimately its efficiency. Also, thermal images obtained showed that asides temperature difference between the modules, hotspots formed on the test modules were not magnified by climatic conditions. The Infrared image indicated the likelihood of an internal defect in the control module. Considering the emergence of new solar technologies to improve its efficiency, it’s recommended that a similar investigation under real outdoor conditions be carried out on Perovskite solar cells. Results of the outcome of the findings should be compared to those of the silicon crystalline modules, to determine which solar technologies perform better.
An Investigation On Ventilation and Air Conditioning (VAC) Installation, Design and Performances of Selected Buildings in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
(2nd International Engineering Conference (IEC 2017) Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria, 2017-10-17) Yusuf, .A. W.; Bori Ige; Nasir, .A.
time. Heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) play an important role in providing a comfortable condition for occupants in a building. This work concerns air conditioning designs, installations, and performances of some event centres namely: Banquet Hall, Atlantic Event Centre and Nimatoni Event Centre and some offices within the Kwara State Ministry of Water Resources. The impact of the effect of improper design and ventilation on energy efficiency and consumption were also considered. The event centres and offices were studied, by taking both the temperature and relative humidity values for over a period ranging from 75 minutes to 130 minutes, with the use of a device referred to as HOBOware temperature/relative humidity data logger coupled with a HOBOware Software interface installed on a personal computer, for post processing of acquired data. The obtained results of the event centres showed variations in the capacities of the installed air-condition understudied. Also from the results obtained, the cubic meter per minute (cmm) values were found to be 0.0896, 0.2908 and 0.0404 for Banquet hall, Atlantic Event Centre and Nimatoni Event Centre respectively, and these were below the standard recommended value of 0.4245 in the literature.
Analysis of Exhaust Gas Emissions from Gasoline engine-powered passenger vehicles in Nigeria
(International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT), 2016-04-22) Nasir, .A.; Bori Ige; Shiru, .B. S.; Mohammed, .A.
Emissions from vehicles in developing country constitute a large percentage of global emissions. The study involved the analysis of exhaust emissions using a gas analyser. The vehicles studied are mini buses and private vehicles of different model of carswhich constitute about 80% of the vehicles on Nigeria roads. It was established that the main types of exhaust gases from the automobiles were CO2, NO2, CO, and O2. The highest emission of CO2 was found to be 413.13 mg/m3 in the 2007 Peugeot car model. The highest exhaust gas emission of NOx, O2 and CO was discovered in the 1998 Honda passenger car model and recorded as 40.23 mg/m3, 45.41mg/m3 and 192.43 mg/m3respectively. The study of emissions will spur further studies on more efficient combustor design aimed at minimizing emissions.
Analysis of Solar Energy Potentials in Katsina and Sokoto States, Nigeria
(Nigerian Institution of Mechanical Engineers (NiMeCHE), 2020-10-20) Irekeola, .B. J.; Bori Ige; Adedipe, .O.; Babawuya, .A.
For many years, Nigeria has been facing energy crisis that is hampering her economic development. Energy is one of the key fundamentals for economic development and it is also fundamental to all human activities in this era. In this study, renewable energy potentials in Sokoto and Katsina states were analyzed respectively. Data covering a period of ten years (2007 - 2017) were obtained from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET), Abuja, for monthly average daily solar radiation, maximum and minimum temperatures for the two states under investigations. The data were subjected to statistical analysis such as normality test, to examine whether the data is normally distributed using standardized coefficient of skewness, and kurtosis using a 250 Watts by 1.68m square solar panel; the results show that the solar radiations are negatively skewed by a value of -0.6 and -0.43, which makes the two states more reliable during the dry season of the year. The two states have a kurtosis of -1.17 and -1.38 indicating that the bell shape is slightly flatten than normal distribution shape. A linear regression model was also developed to predict the trends in solar radiation for the study area. The results show that Katsina state has a higher reliability (0.86) for solar energy potentials than Sokoto state (0.72).
Case Hardening of Mild Steel Using Animal Bone, Charcoal and Sea Shells as Carburizers
(Nigeria Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NJEAS), FUT Minna, 2016-08-24) Muriana, .R. A.; Bori Ige; Abubakre, .O. K.; Abu, .J. O.; Sani, .C. E.
Samples of Mild steel were treated in carburizing media which included animal bone, wood charcoal and sea shells at varied temperatures. Micro structural analyses, chemical composition tests, and mechanical properties tests were carried out on the carburized samples. Results indicated that the treated samples could be used in local production of some engineering components such as gears in place of imported components where hardness is considered together with toughness. The case hardening of the mild steel with charcoal granules gave the highest carburization of 0.905% on the surface with the highest hardness value of 69.3 HRA.
Cavitational Deterioration of Diesel Power Plant Cylinder Liner
(Journal of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, 2020-12-10) Bako, .S.; Nasir, .A.; Bori Ige; Musa, .N.
The generating station in which diesel engine is used as a prime mover for generating electrical energy is known as diesel power plant. The cylinders liner are cylindrical component that are fixed inside the engine block. The function of the cylinder liners is to retain the working fluid and to guide the piston. Most diesel power plant uses wet-cylinder liners that are exposed to intensive cavitation. The paper aimed at studying the behavior of the cylinder liners that can lead to cavitation. The analysis involves, modeling and simulation in using Solidworks Software. The analysis shows that the cylinders are subjected to harmonic vibration resulting to momentary separation of the coolant from the cylinder wall, creating a pressure difference around the coolant surface which forms air bubbles. These bubbles explode at an extreme velocity. The explosion of these bubbles release surface energy known as cavitation. The energy hammers the cylinder liner surface thereby removing minute particles of metal from the surface of the vibrating cylinder leading to cavitational deterioration. The paper hereby calls on automotive designers to take critical measures in designing of; cylinder liner, water jacket and the entire cooling system, in order to control this phenomenon.
Characterization and Management of Solid Waste Generated in Nasarawa LGA in Nasarawa State, Nigeria
(Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 2016-01-18) Nasir, .A.; Kasimu, .U.; Bori Ige; Mohammed, .A.
Solid wastes constitute a significant amount to environmental hazard in the society. The need to characterize solid wastes as an initial step to proffer solution to the problem of solid waste management cannot be over emphasized. In Nasarawa local government area (LGA) in Nasarawa state, the solid waste materials are characterized into six (6) different materials type which includes paper/cardboard, plastic food pack/plastic bottles, metal cans, food waste, polythene bags/polystyrene food pack and other combustible miscellaneous waste material. The waste characterization shows that Polythene bags/polystyrene food packs constitute the highest waste of 141.09 kg/day collected during the study period. This is followed by food waste with 130.37 kg/day. Plastic food pack/plastic bottles, metal cans, paper/cardboard and others has 64.64 kg/day, 59.39 kg/day, 53.51 kg/day and 29.15 kg/day respectively. The non-biodegradable wastes such as polythene bags/polystyrene food pack, plastic food pack/plastic bottles and metal cans constitute about 56 % (257 Kg/day) of the total waste collected during the study period. It is recommended that Nasarawa state waste management scheme should include the adoption of 3R’s methods scheme for reducing the biodegradable waste components and also employed for reducing the non-biodegradable waste components.
Delaying transition further with the aid of a short compliant panel in a Blasius boundary layer flow
(The Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics (CSTAM), Fluid Mechanics Division Conference, Guilin, China., 2012-11-12) Bori Ige; Yeo, .K. S.; Dou, .H-S.; Zhao, .X.
The cost of fuelling especially for those in the transport industries could be reduced drastically if there is a means of reducing drag force over their vehicles while in motion. One way to overcome this is to use compliant (membrane) surface; a passive control means which has been proved in various theoretical studies as a promising tool in delaying transition further. In this paper, following the earlier work done on flow over rigid wall within a Blasius boundary layer, we account for the current study carried out on the evolution of pulse-initiated disturbance wavepackets over a finite-length compliant panel by direct numerical simulation (DNS) method. For the single-panel case, a finite section of the wall from X = x/δ0 = 450 -762, was replaced by a tensioned membrane on a viscoelastic foundation, whose properties were designed to inhibit the development of compliant-wall modes. Where δ0 is the displacement thickness at the perturbation location. A small amplitude vertical initiating delta pulse was introduced from the wall streamwise location X0 = 349.4 (x0 = 81cm), and study in detail both spatially and spectrally how the wavepackets generated evolve from the initiating point to the breakdown location over a Blasius boundary layer. The simulation results showed that, the upstream intervention by the finite compliant panel effectively delayed the onset of the incipient turbulent spot by a further distance of Δx = 550, when compared with the rigid wall case results that earlier broke down at X = 1420. This represents an approximately 51% increase in the transition distance measured from the point of wavepacket initiation. Spectral study indicated that the relatively short compliant panel was able to effectively weaken the primary 2-D Tollmien-Schlichting (TS) wave mode, thereby extending the linear regime, so that resultant wavepacket after the panel is dominated by two oblique wave modes and this is the effective strategy of transition delay.
Delaying transition in a Blasius boundary layer with finite compliant panels
(Fourth International Symposium on Bifurcations and Instabilities in Fluid Dynamics (BIFD),, 2011-07-18) Bori Ige; Zhao, .X.; Yeo, .K. S.
Compliant surfaces have been shown to be a promising passive control measure for controlling and delaying boundary layer transition in various theoretical studies [1-2]. In this paper, we report on a recent study we have done on the evolution of pulse-initiated disturbance wavepackets over one or more finite-length compliant panels. The broadband nature of a wavepacket offers a central advantage in permitting natural selection of most dominant waves to operate through the sum of its growth processes. This may be helpful in identifying the critical waves and key processes that are involved at the various stages in natural transition. The initiation, evolution and final breakdown of wavepackets into the incipient turbulent spots in a Blasius boundary layer was modelled by Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) briefly described in [3]. The comparative evolution and transition performance of three cases are discussed here, namely the rigid-wall case, a single-panel wall and a two-panel wall. In all cases, a fixed vertical-directed delta pulse of small amplitude was initiated at the point x /  349.4, where   2.3182103m is the displacement thickness of the boundary layer at the initiation point. The evolution and breakdown of the wavepacket in a Blasius boundary layer on a rigid wall has already been reported in [3]. For the single-panel case, a finite section of the wall from x /  450 to 762 was replaced by a tensioned membrane on a viscoelastic foundation, whose properties were designed to inhibit the development of compliant-wall modes. The simulation results showed that, the upstream intervention by the finite compliant panel effectively delayed the onset of the incipient turbulent spot by a distance of about 100 cm ( x /  430). This represents an approximately 30% increase in the transition distance measured from the point of wavepacket initiation. Spectral study indicated that the relatively short membrane panel was able to effectively attenuate the primary 2-D Tollmien-Schlichting (TS) wave mode so that resultant wavepacket after the panel was dominated by a pair of oblique waves. Subharmonic secondary instabilities [4-5], which are responsible for nonlinear disturbance wave amplification on a rigid wall, were thus inhibited by the absence or near absence of the 2-D TS wave mode. Staggered Λ-structures and streamwise streaky structures similar to those found in the rigid wall case were observed for the single-panel case, but much further downstream. A second tensioned membrane panel of the same length was added at x /  1359-1658 to form the two-panel case. The last stage of the present simulation shows the wavepacket arriving the location x /  2000 in a perfectly laminar form ( max | u | /U 0.05   ) – this already represents an increase in transition distance of about 50% over the corresponding rigid-wall case. The eventual breakdown location will be further downstream as the wavepacket has not displayed the usual structural features that signify imminent breakdown. This study has shown the efficacy of short compliant panel(s) in controlling and delaying transition.
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A SMALL SOLAR POWERED AIR BLOWER FOR CHARCOAL FIRED FURNACE
(JOURNAL OF THE NIGERIAN INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS, 2019-09-30) Muhammad, .A. B.; Nasir, .A.; Ayo, .S. A.; Bori Ige
In Nigeria almost all the local foundry shops rely on the manually operated blowers for supplying air for the combustion of the charcoals to melt metals. This manually operated blower has showed that much man-hour is required during firing as one laborer is dedicated to driving the rotary blower. This is labourous and reduces the rate of productivity of the enterprise. Therefore, it is necessary to find easier ways of supplying the energy required for the combustion so as to increase productivity. A solar powered blower is designed and constructed in this work. The performances of manually operated and solar powered air blowers are compared. Performance results of the manually operated air blower showed that it takes about 67 minutes and 42 minutes to melt 4kg of aluminum and zinc respectively. On the other hand, for the solar-powered air blower, it takes about 30 minutes and 17 minutes to melt 4kg of aluminum and zinc respectively. This indicates that the solar-powered air blower takes a shorter time to melt metals when compared with the manually operated air blower. In addition, the solar powered air blower eliminates the laborious aspect of supplying energy for melting metals and also reduces the times spent in metal melting process.
Design and Performance Evaluation of a Portable Solar Water Heater
(Journal of Digital Innovations & Contemporary Research in Science, Engineering & Technology, 2022-03-20) Bori Ige; Uwah, E. J.; Bako, .S.; Okegbile, O. J.; Ayo, S. A.
This paper presents design and performance evaluation of a solar water heater (SWH) using thermosyphon principles, thereby eliminating the use of electric water pump and reducing the cost of the entire system. There are many phenomena encouraging the application of solar water heating technology such as; electric power outage, high fuel price, rapid urbanization, low cost of installations, and governmental intervention. Therefore, there is need to encourage innovation in the field of solar technology. The design of this system was done using relevant equations to obtain the required dimensions of the various components of the system. The materials were selected based on design calculations, machining, availability and material cost. During the testing process, the first three days of testing the highest outlet temperature recorded was 650C. For the last three days of testing during the dry season, the highest outlet temperature recorded was 79.3 0C. The results showed that the system performs better during the dry season when the irradiance levels are higher. The highest irradiance recorded was 940 W/m2 on the sixth day of testing. The highest efficiency recorded from the system was 68.19% on the fourth day of testing. It is hereby recommended that, sensor and a flow meter should be installed for determining water level and for easy identification of flow rate.
Development and Testing of a Heat Dissipation System Using Fins for a Motorcycle Exhaust Pipe
(Nigerian Journal of Engineering Science Research (NIJESR), 2022-12-30) Okegbile, .O. J.; Oboakporhorho, .J. J.; Bori Ige; Babawuya, .A.; Bako, .S.; Musa, .N. A.
The paper developed and investigate the use of fins as heat exchanger in dissipation of heat that arise from motorcycle exhaust pipe which can result in variety of degree of burns, affecting both users and passengers when in accidental contact with it. In this research work, copper pipe and aluminum fins were used because the heat transfer rate needs to be improved. The fabrication of the fins array was carried out with the use of 1mm aluminum material and 4mm copper pipe the base plate, the fins array are very potable and may be unfastened used on other exhaust pipes, since the fins are assembled with bolts and nuts. The analysis shows that the rate of heat transfer from the exhaust pipe (without fins) is1078W, while the heat transfer from the fins array was 2692.3W; which shows an increase in exhaust pipe heat transfer by factor of 2.5. Therefore, the risk of contacting serious burn when in accidental contact with the exhaust pipe has been reduced. It is hereby recommended that, the Semi rectangular fins profile can also be used for further research work because they are also effective, and the Copper fin may be considered for further work due to excellent thermal conductivity of the material.
DEVELOPMENT OF A BRAKE DRUM MODEL WITH FINS INCORPORATION FOR HEAT DISSIPATION ENHANCEMENT
(5th Multi-disciplinary academic conference, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. January 11, 2018. Pp. 190 – 205., 2018-01-11) Bako, .S.; Bori Ige
Extreme heat within an automobile brake drum could cause brake failure which could as well lead to death of passengers and lost of properties. One of the ways to dissipate heat faster from an automobile brake drum is by incorporating fin on the outer surface of the brake drum as pointed out in many literatures. This work concerns converting 1/10 0f the overall height thickness of the brake drum into fins for effective heat dissipation by both conduction and convection. During the modified brake drum development process, necessary fin design formulae were taken into account. Modeling and simulation analysis were carried out using Solidworks (2013) software, followed by validation using theoretical Finite Element analysis. The minimum temperatures obtained from the simulation analysis were 4935K and 4927K for the existing and the modified brake drum model respectively. While maximum displacements obtained from the simulation analysis were 5142×10−5𝑚𝑚 and 5102×10−5𝑚𝑚 for the existing and the modified brake drum model respectively. This implies that the modified brake drum have improved strength and better heat dissipation than the existing model. This is as the result of the circumferential arrangement of the fins on the outer surface of the brake drum.
Development Of an Automated Dual Powered Kiln for Drying and Preservation of Fish
(Iconic Research and Engineering (IRE) Journals, 2024-04-20) Ogundana, O.S.; Adejumo, B.A.; Orhevba, B. A.; Bori Ige
Fish smoking is a major activity in the fish industry. In most river-reining communities in Nigeria, where fish business is very prominent smoking operations are mostly carried out manually and under unhygienic conditions. The concept of the smoking kiln development is to ease the drudgery associated with traditional methods in the fish processing communities. The materials for the developed automated dual powered kiln for fish smoke-drying are locally and cheaply sourced. The developed automated dual powered kiln was made from angle iron and lagged with (composite materials) insulator to prevent heat loss, the smoking chamber consists of 3 set of trays of 0.57 x 0.57 x 0.021 m. It was a dual powered kiln of gas and electric heat sources (DC), its heating elements (heaters) are connected with the aid of wire gauze made from stainless steel placed in a compartment in the heating chamber. The developed automated dual powered kiln was tested with Cat Fish (Clarias Gariepinus) using gas and electric heat sources. Test results indicated an average operational temperature of 80⁰C and moisture loss of 50% on the smoked fishes. The kiln gave higher drying rate and quality of finished product was good in colour and dryness, indicating a long shelf life.
Development of Footstep Electricity Energy Generating Machine using Dual Generator
(Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike Ikwo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria, 2019-05-15) Igbo, .E. B.; Bori Ige
Footstep electricity energy generation machine have been seen in most populated country and the different existing machines have various capacity of generated electricity power. The concept and the technology is simply the production of electrical energy by weight which acts on the footsteps. Footstep electrical energy generation is of three types namely; rack and pinion, piezoelectric method, fuel and piston method. It was comparatively discovered that the rack and pinion mechanism is more effective, efficient with less cost of operation and maintenance. In the existing rack and pinion method, energy was not adequately harvested from footsteps as a result of many gears, shafts and incorporation of a single generator. This takes time to generate electricity and the output capacity is low in watt. With this motivation, a prototype footstep electricity energy generating machine using dual generators, chains and sprockets was developed. This was designed by considering parameters such as human weights, speed and low cost. The prototype was designed to be a value for money production in the power generation sectors. For designing the work rack and pinion, human weight were studies to understand the operation. At the end, the machine was fabricated using local material. The machine upon fabrication was evaluated at ten (10) different human weights of 40, 50, 53, 56, 60, 70, 85, 101, 105, 108 kgs and power of 6.69, 6.949, 3.92, 10.848, 8.29, 8.339, 12. 064, 11.349, 11. 359 and 11.359 watts, with angular speeds of 5.08, 5.28, 2.98, 8.24, 6.30, 6.33, 9.16, 8.62, 8.63, 9.35 rpm were obtained respectively. The result showed that weight is directly proportional to both power and angular speed. The result showed that optimism occurred at 85kg. Using a dual generators increase higher electricity energy generation, effective and efficient harvesting of footstep energy.
Development of Screw-Type Briquetting Machine for Municipal Solid Waste
(2nd International Engineering Conference (IEC 2017) Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria, 2017-10-17) Okegbile, .O. J.; Bori Ige; Danlami, .S. M.
The Hydra headed problem of deforestation and Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Management has bedeviled Nigerian States. Deforestation has put Nigeria on the world’s map as the highest contributor to the world’s deforestation of its primary forest (contributing over 50%), as over 70% of its population depends on firewood and charcoal for cooking and heating. The rising profile of MSW, characterized by inefficient management methods make most Nigerian cities an eye sore, with uncollected waste littering almost every available space, drainages and water channels which poses great danger to human existence. Without alternative energy source available to the growing population, deforestation will continue unabated and in the nearest future Nigeria risk losing all of its forest resource. A Screw-Type briquetting machine was developed that utilizes crushed, combustible MSW to form briquettes to be used for cooking and heating, which is using one problem to fix another. MSW was formulated, crushed and used to form briquette. The briquettes produced burn in similar way to charcoal when compared. This will reduce to the barest minimum, deforestation rate and improve the management of MSW by utilizing as a resource what is termed waste. The developed machine has a throughput capacity of 2605.4Kg/hr and is driven by a 5 Horsepower (5 hp) electric motor.
Effects of Generating Plant Noise on Humans and Environment
(International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT), 2016-05-26) Babawuya, .A.; Bori Ige; Bako, .M. D.; Yusuf, .S. A.; Jibrin, .A.; Elkanah, .A. J.; Mohammed, .A.
Noise measurements were taken in the morning, afternoon, evening, and night to determine the extent of noise pollution all over the city. A calibrated sound level meter was used to measure the generating plant noise. The equivalent sound levels (Leq) were measured at 20 different locations, between 8 a.m and 10 p.m. High noise levels were observed throughout the town. The data obtained was analysed and the results then compared with world health organization standard. The noise equivalent level varied between 99.4 and 83.2 dBA. The results of the study established the fact that generator noise levels are more than the acceptable limit of 60 dBA, thatis the daytime government prescribed noise limit for residential and commercial areas. The reaction of the residents to generating plant noise was monitored with a total of 300 questionnaires. The results of the interview questionnaire revealed 97% of the people classified the noise in their street as very high while 3% says it is low. And also the respondents answered that noise bother them more in day and night while 11% of the respondents say it is only in the night only. The main outcomes of exposure to generating plant noise were loss of sleep, hearing loss, annoyance and disturbance.
ENERGY UTILIZATION, CONSERVATION AND AUDITING IN NIGERIA CEMENT INDUSTRY
(Journal of Science, Technology, Mathematics and Education (JOSTMED), FUT Minna, 2016-03-15) Nasir, .A.; Bori Ige; Enitilo, .T.; Azeez, .O. S.; Muhammed, .A.
Manufacturing of cement is identified as one of the most energy intensive industries in the world. Therefore, there is a need for its effective and efficient utilization and hence conservation. In order to produce clinker, rotary kilns are widely used in cement plants. This study takes a look at the energy source, utilization and conservation in a Cement Company in Nigeria. The company’s energy source was determined, utilization pattern investigated and possible areas of energy conservation considered. The rotary kiln of this plant where the large form of energy is consumed has a capacity of 6000 tonnes per day. It was found that about 20% of the total input energy was being lost through hot flue gas (5.09%), cooler stack (12.4%) and kiln shell (2.61% convection and radiation). To recover some of this heat energy loses, a feasible energy management method was introduced and discussed. Findings showed that approximately 4MW of electrical power could be recovered through conservation and proper energy management.
Enhancing the Cavitation Erosion Resistance of 304 Stainless Steel by Laser Surface Alloying with Molybdenum
(Nigeria Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NJEAS), FUT Minna, 2017-08-24) Bori Ige; Muriana, .R. A.; Man, .H. C.; Okegbile, .O. J.; Ayo, .S. A.; Babawuya, .A.
Type 304 stainless steel is the most versatile and widely used austenitic stainless steel, it accounts for more than 50% of all stainless steel produced. It is commonly used in liquidhandling equipment, house hold utensils and lot of applications in almost every industry. However, poor surface properties in terms of wear resistance, due to its low hardness made it susceptible to cavitation erosion, which is a usual mode of degradation of engineering parts in contact with fast-flowing or vibrating liquids. This work is an attempt to improve the cavitation erosion resistance of 304 stainless steel by laser surface alloying with Molybdenum (Mo). This was made possible by using a 2kW continuous wave Nd-YAG laser. The alloying powder was placed in advance on the surface of the substrate by pasting to a thickness of 0.1mm, followed by laser beam scanning at an optimal speed of 20 mm/s and 30 mm/s (each at a beam diameter of 3mm) and a laser power of 1.2kW, in order to achieve surface alloying and modified surfaces were obtained by 50% overlapping of adjacent tracks. The microstructure and composition of modified layer were also studied for more insights. Ultrasonic induced vibrator tester was used to carry out cavitation erosion test. Cavitation erosion resistance (Re) was observed to have increased with the Mo content in the alloyed layer, the Re of the specimens modified with Mo was improved by a factor of 1.4 (for v = 20 mm/s) and 1.5 (for v = 30 mm/s), when compared with that of the as-received 304 stainless steel substrates.